The power of visual imagery in drug design. Isopavines as a new class of morphinomimetics and their human opioid receptor binding activity

J Med Chem. 2003 Jan 2;46(1):34-48. doi: 10.1021/jm020164l.

Abstract

The importance of visual imagery and relational thinking manifests itself in a heuristic approach to the design and synthesis of potential morphinomimetics as agonists of the human mu receptor. The well-known class of alkaloids represented by the isopavine nucleus has a topological resemblance to the morphine skeleton, especially when viewed in a particular way. Enantiopure isopavines can be readily obtained from a 1,2 Stevens rearrangement of 13-substituted dihydromethanodibenzoazocines, prepared in four steps from d- and l-amino acids. Consideration of the topology and the expected orientation of the nitrogen lone pair for a better overlap with morphine necessitates the utilization of d-amino acids. By variation of the substituents on the aromatic rings and a judicious choice of ring substituents, it is possible to obtain low nanomolar binding to the human mu receptor while maintaining good to excellent mu/delta selectivity. Agonist-like activity is indicated in a functional assay for one of the analogues originally derived from d-alanine as a precursor. X-ray crystal structures of several compounds corroborate stereochemistries and overall topologies.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Azocines / chemical synthesis*
  • Azocines / chemistry
  • Azocines / pharmacology
  • Cell Line
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Drug Design
  • Humans
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Molecular Mimicry
  • Morphine Derivatives / chemistry*
  • Radioligand Assay
  • Receptors, Opioid, delta / agonists
  • Receptors, Opioid, delta / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Opioid, kappa / agonists
  • Receptors, Opioid, kappa / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Opioid, mu / agonists
  • Receptors, Opioid, mu / metabolism*
  • Stereoisomerism

Substances

  • Azocines
  • Morphine Derivatives
  • Receptors, Opioid, delta
  • Receptors, Opioid, kappa
  • Receptors, Opioid, mu